CBSE Mathematics Class 10 Complete Notes with Questions answers

1. Real Numbers

• Introduction
• The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
• Revisiting Irrational Numbers
• Summary
• EXERCISE 1.1 - Solutions
• EXERCISE 1.2 - Solutions
• Practice Questions with Solutions

2. Polynomials

• Introduction
• Terms used in Algebraic expression
• Some Key components of an algebraic expression
• BODMAS /PEMDAS Rules
• Linear polynomial
• Quadratic Polynomial
• Cubic Polynomial
• Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial
• Zeros of a Polynomial
• The value of a polynomial
• Equations representation on a Graph
• Geometrical Representation of a Linear Polynomial
• Geometrical Representation of a Quadratic Polynomial
• Find the vertex
• Three possible zeroes
• Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficientsof a Polynomial
• Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Linear Polynomial
• The sum of the reciprocals of the zeros
• Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Quadratic Polynomial
• By using Viète's Formulas
• By using the Quadratic Formula
• Discriminant
• Difference between both methods
• Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Cubic Polynomial
• The sum of the reciprocals of the zeros
• Summary
• Exercise 2.1
• Exercise 2.2
• Practice Questions with Solutions

3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

• Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of LinearEquations
• Exercise 3.1
• Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of LinearEquations
• Substitution Method
• Exercise 3.2
• Elimination Method
• Exercise 3.3
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

4. Quadratic Equations

• Introduction
• Quadratic Formula
• Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Factorisation
• Nature of Roots
• Examples
• Exercise 4.1
• Exercise 4.2
• Exercise 4.3
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

5. Arithmetic Progressions

• Introduction
• Rationalised 2023-24
• Arithmetic Progressions
• n^th Term of an AP
• Sum of First n Terms of an AP
• Summary
• Exercise 5.1
• Exercise 5.2
• Exercise 5.3
• Exercise 5.4 * Optional
• Practice Questions with Solutions

6. Triangles

• Introduction
• Similar Figures
• Similarity of Triangles
• Criteria for Similarity of Triangles
• Summary
• Exercise 6.1
• Exercise 6.2
• Exercise 6.3
• Practice Questions with Solutions

7. Coordinate Geometry

• Introduction
• Distance Formula
• Section Formula
• Summary
• Exercise 7.1
• Exercise 7.2
• Practice Questions with Solutions

8. Introduction to Trigonometry

• Introduction
• Trigonometric Ratios
• Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles
• Trigonometric Identities
• Summary
• Examples
• Exercise 8.1
• Exercise 8.2
• Exercise 8.3
• Practice Questions with Solutions

9. Some Applications of Trigonometry

• Heights and Distances
• Summary
• Exercise 9.1
• Practice Questions with Solutions

10. Circles

• Introduction
• Tangent to a Circle
• Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

11. Areas Related to Circles

• Areas of Sector and Segmentk of a Circle
• Summary
• Rationalised 2023-24
• Exercise 11.1
• Practice Questions with Solutions

12. Surface Areas and Volumes

• Introduction
• Surface Area of a Combination of Solids
• Volume of a Combination of Solids
• Summary
• Examples
• Exercise 12.1
• Exercise 12.2
• Practice Questions with Solutions

13. Statistics

• Introduction
• Mean of Grouped Data
• Mode of Grouped Data
• Median of Grouped Data
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

14. Probability

• Probability — A Theoretical Approach
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

Appendix A1: Proofs in Mathematics

• Introduction
• Mathematical Statements Revisited
• Deductive Reasoning
• Conjectures, Theorems, Proofs and Mathematical Reasoning
• Negation of a Statement
• Converse of a Statement
• Proof by Contradiction
• Summary
• Practice Questions with Solutions

Appendix A2: Mathematical Modelling

• Introduction
• Stages in Mathematical Modelling
• Some Illustrations
• Why is Mathematical Modelling Important?
• Summary

CBSE Science Class 10 Complete Notes chapter wise with Questions answers 2023-24

CBSE Science Class 10  Complete Notes chapter wise with Questions answers 2023-24

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

• Introduction to Chemical Equations:
• Skeletal Chemical Equation
• Balanced Equation
• Unbalanced Equation
• Word-Equation
• Chemical Equations by using chemical formulae
• Balancing Chemical Equations:
• Counting Atoms
• Steps for Balancing
• Types of Chemical Reactions:
• Combination Reactions with examples
• Exothermic chemical reactions with examples
• Decomposition Reaction with examples
• Endothermic Reactions with examples
• Displacement Reaction or single replacement reaction with examples
• Double Displacement Reaction or double replacement reaction or metathesis reaction with examples
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Redox reactions with examples
• The Effects of Oxidation Reactions in everyday life:
• Corrosion
• Rancidity
• In-text Questions Answers
• Exercise Questions Answers

2. Acids, Bases and Salts

• Remind terms which learn in previous class
• Matter
• States of matter
• Element
• Compound
• Mixtures
• Colloids
• Suspensions
• Types of compounds
• Non-Ionizable Compounds (Nonelectrolytes)
• Ionizable Compounds (Electrolytes)
• Acids
• Bases
• Salts
• The Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
• Acid-Base Reactions
• Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
• Reaction of Non-Metallic Oxides with Base
• Reaction of Metal with Acids
• Reaction of Metal with Base
• Reaction of Metal Carbonates with Acids
• Reaction of Metal Carbonates with base
• Reaction of Metal Hydrogencarbonates with Acids
• Reaction of Metal Hydrogencarbonates with Base
• Arrhenius’ Theory of Acids and Bases
• Acid, Base and Reactions
• Bronsted-Lowry theory
• Acid and base
• Important point in this theory
• Physical Test of Acid and Base
• Taste
• Effect on Indicators by Acids and Bases
• Litmus
• Methyl Orange
• Phenolphthalein
• Common Characteristics of Acids and Bases
• When an acid is dissolved in water
• When an base is dissolved in water
• Difference between a Base and an Alkali
• Dilution of Acids and Bases
• Hydronium Ion
• Use of Acid-Base Indicators
• Importance of pH in Everyday Life
• Salts
• Chemicals from Common Salt
• Sodium hydroxide
• Bleaching powder
• Baking soda
• Washing soda
• Are the Crystals of Salts really Dry?
• Plaster of Paris

• In-text Questions Answers
• Exercise Questions Answers

3. Metals and Non-metals

• Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
• Physical Properties of Metals
• Physical Properties of Non-Metals
• Exceptions in Physical Properties
• Examples of Metals and Non-metals
• Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
• Chemical Properties of Metals
• Reaction of Metals with Oxygen (Metals burnt in Air)
• Basic Oxides of Metals
• Amphoteric Oxides of Metals
• Roasting
• Calcination
• Reaction of Metals with Water or steam
• Reaction of Metals with Acids
• Reactions of Metals with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
• Reaction with Nitric Acid
• Reactivity of Metals with HCl
• Metals reaction with Solutions of other Metal Salts
• Displacement reaction
• The Reactivity Series
• Aqua regia
• How Do Metals and Non-Metals React?
• Electronic configurations of some elements
• Formation of Sodium Chloride
• Formation of Magnesium Chloride
• Properties of Ionic compounds
• Occurrence of Metals
• Sources of Metals
• Extraction of Metals
• Extraction Steps
• Enrichment of Ores
• Extracting Metals Low in the Activity Series
• Extraction of Metals in the Middle of the Activity Series
• Extraction of Metals towards the Top of the Activity Series
• Corrosion and Prevention
• Alloying and Its Benefits
• In-text Questions Answers
• Exercise Questions Answers

4. Carbon and its Compounds

5. Life Processes

6. Control and Coordination

7. How do Organisms Reproduce?

8. Heredity

9. Light – Reflection and Refraction

10. The Human Eye and the Colourful World

11. Electricity

12. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

13. Our Environment

Information Technology (402) for Class 10 Session 2023-24 Complete Notes

CBSE Class 10 Information Technology (402) for Session 2023-24 Complete Notes

This article offers a comprehensive solution for the Information Technology Class 10 book in alignment with the new Syllabus for the academic year 2023-24. The article begins by presenting an overview of the Class 10 IT (402) syllabus and subsequently provides chapter-wise notes and multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for a thorough understanding.

Part A: Employability Skills

Part A, which is about Employability Skills, includes 5 chapters that are all theory-based. These chapters are worth a total of 10 marks in the CBSE Board Examination.

Chapter 1 - Communication Skill

• Communication, Cycle, Feedback
• Barriers, 7Cs
• Sentence, Phrase, Article

Chapter 2 - Self - Management Skills

Stress, Factors, Management

Self-Awareness, Types, Motivation, Regulation

 

Chapter 3 - Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Skills

 

Computer Generation, Categories, Hardware  

Software, Block Diagram, Memory, OS

What is Computer Virus?

 

Chapter 4 – Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs, Qualities

 

Chapter 5 – Green Skill

Sustainable Development, Importance

 

Part B: Subject Specific Skills

Part B, which is all about specific skills related to the subject, has 4 chapters. These chapters are very important in IT(402) and they are all about different software. In the CBSE Board Examination, they are worth a total of 40 marks.

 

Chapter 1 - Digital Documentation (Advanced)

What is Style

Mail Merge, Grouping

Image, Crop, Resize, Objects, Wrap

Template, Predefined Template, TOC

 

Chapter 2 - Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)

Consolidating & Subtotal

What if Scenarios & What if tools

Goal Seek and Solver

Insert Sheet & Create Reference

Hyperlinks & Types of Hyperlinks

Sharing Document in Open Office Calc

Track Changes in Spreadsheet

Macro in Open Office Calc

 

Chapter 3 - Database Management System

 Database, FFD, DBMS,

Primary key, Foreign Key, DDL, DML

Create Database in Open Office Base

Create Table in Open Office Base

Update Table in Open Office Base

Create Query in Open Office Base

Criteria, Function, Group, Operator

Creating Form in Open Office Base

Create Report in Open Office Base

 DDL  (Data Definition Language) in SQL

DML (Data Manipulation Language) in SQL

 

Chapter 4 – Web Application

Window 10 Accessibility Tools

Computer Network

Network Topology

Communication Technology

Domain Name

Network Devices

Blogs Vs Websites

Computer Virus

E-Commerce

Internet Security

 

Chapter 5 - Workplace Safety

Set of Rules

History Chapter 4 - The age of Industrialization - Key Definitions

Key Definitions:

Guild: 

A group of craftsmen or merchants in the same trade who come together to protect their members' interests and maintain work standards.

Tanning: 

The process of transforming raw hide into leather by soaking it in a liquid containing tannic acid.

Food Processing: 

The method of chopping and mixing food to create products like jam and juices.

Victorian Britain: 

Refers to the period when Queen Victoria ruled Britain.

Brewery: 

A place where beverages like beer are commercially produced. Brewing involves infusion, boiling, and fermentation.

Vagrant: 

A person who lacks a permanent home or regular employment.

Bourgeois: 

Refers to the upper middle class.

Gomastha: 

An Indian term describing an agent or intermediary who facilitates transactions between merchants and weavers.

Stapler: 

An individual responsible for sorting wool based on its fiber content.

History Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - Some Important Key Words

 Some Important Key Words

Absolutist - Fundamentally, a form of government or ruling system characterized by unchecked exercise of authority. In historical context, this phrase denotes a centralized, militarized, and suppressive type of monarchical governance.

Utopian - An idealized concept of a society that is often so perfect that its realization is improbable.

Plebiscite - A direct ballot, where all individuals in a specific region are invited to vote for or against a proposal.

Suffrage - The right to vote.

Conservatism -  A political ideology that emphasized the significance of tradition, established institutions, and customs, and favored gradual progress over rapid change.

Feminist - Recognition of women's rights and concerns rooted in the belief in the equality of genders in social, economic, and political aspects.

Ethnic - Refers to a shared racial, tribal, or cultural heritage that a community identifies with or lays claim to.

Allegory - When an abstract concept (like greed, envy, freedom, liberty) is represented through a person or object. An allegorical tale carries dual meanings: one concrete and one symbolic.